Global prevalence of physical and psychological child abuse during COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: With the onset of COVID-19, most countries issued lockdowns to prevent the spread of the virus globally and child abuse was concerned under such a closed circumstance. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of physical and psychological child abuse during COVID-19 and moderating variables for those abuses. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: The rates of child abuse reported in 10 studies encompassing 14,360 children were used, which were gathered through a systematic review. METHODS: We reviewed previous studies systematically for the appropriate data and conducted a meta-analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of physical child abuse is estimated at 18 % and that of psychological abuse is estimated at 39 %. Regarding the unemployment rate, it reveals a high correlation with physical abuse (b = 0.09; p < 0.05) but not with psychological one (b = 0.03; no. sig). CONCLUSIONS: To prevent child abuse during the pandemic, it is suggested to minimize COVID-19-related economic damage to families and explore factors for reducing the gap between low and high-income countries.

Barriers and Facilitators of Nurses' and Physicians' Willingness to Work during a Respiratory Disease Outbreak: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review.

This review was undertaken to identify the perceived barriers and facilitators of nurses' and physicians' willingness to work during a respiratory disease outbreak. This mixed-methods systematic review involved the extraction of data from the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO and from a manual search of articles published between 2003 and April 2021. The quality of the included studies was assessed using a mixed-method appraisal tool. A total of 29 studies were eligible for inclusion: 21 quantitative and 8 qualitative. Using the Integrated Behavioral Model, perceived barriers and facilitators were identified under seven categories: demographics, attitude, perceived norm, personal agency, knowledge and skills to perform the behavior, environmental constraints, and habit. The results of this study broaden the understanding of various factors that affect nurses' and physicians' willingness to work during a respiratory disease outbreak. These findings will facilitate the modification of current pandemic workplace staffing strategies and practices and will inform preparedness planning for similar situations in the future.